T&O Implementation Flowchart
Process Control Monitoring Flowchart
Process control monitoring involves frequent (approximately weekly sampling) of T&O compounds throughout the water supply, treatment, and pressurized distribution system. Example sampling sites recommended for monitoring have been developed (click here for sampling locations). Algae produce T&O compounds in the reservoir, canal, and WTP systems. Fungi and actinomycetes can also produce T&O compounds in the above systems, plus in the pressurized water distribution system. The most common T&O odors reported in the metro-Phoenix area were MIB, Geosmin, and cyclocitrol. If any of these concentrations are approaching or above 10 ng/L, musty-moldy or earthy odors in the water are noticable to consumers and the utility should implement control strategies to minimize their concentrations.
The flowchart below is the first step in a series of flowcharts to help identify effective strategies for T&O control. Three example Case Studies are also available as an example (Click here to visit Case Studies).
T&O In Reservoirs 8 If Above 10 ng/L 8 Click Here for Reservoir Controls
If Less than 10 ng/L (Move Downstream in watershed system)
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T&O Along Canals 8 If Above 10 ng/L 8 Click Here for Canal Controls
If Less than 10 ng/L (Move into specific WTP)
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T&O in WTPs 8 If Above 10 ng/L 8 Click Here for WTP Controls
If Less than 10 ng/L (Unlikely to Receive High Level of Customer Complaints)
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T&O in Pressurized Finished Water Distribution System 8 If Above 10 ng/L 8 Click Here for Distribution Controls