Peer-Reviewed Articles

Lockhart, T. (2024). Preserving health: health technology for fall prevention. Frontiers in Digital Health, 6. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1530434
Guo, Z., Wu, T., Lockhart, T.E., Soangra, R., Yoon, R. (2024). Correlation enhanced distribution adaptation for prediction of fall risk. Scientific reports 14 (1), 3477. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54053-5
Moon, S.H., Doshi, K.B., Lockhart, T. (2024). Assessing fall risk in osteoporosis patients: a comparative study of age-matched fallers and nonfallers. Frontiers in Digital Health, 6. DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1387193

2023

Lockhart, T., Frames, C., Olson, M., Moon, S.H., Peterson, D., and Lieberman, A. (2023). Effects of protective step training on proactive and reactive motor adaptations in Parkinson’s disease patients. Front. Neurol., 14:1211441. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1211441
Doshi, K.B., Moon, S.H., Whitaker, M.D. and, Lockhart T.E. (2023). Assessment of gait and posture characteristics using a smartphone wearable system for persons with osteoporosis with and without falls. Sci Rep, 13(538). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27788-w

2022

Impedovo, D., Lockhart, T., Mekyska, J., Najafi, B., & Tanaka, T. (2022). IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Behavioral Biometrics for Ehealth and Well-Being. IEEE Access, 10, 56706-56710. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177265

2021

Lockhart, T., Soangra, R., Yoon, H., Wu, T., Frames, C., Weaver, R., and Roberto, K. (2021). Prediction of Fall Risk Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using a Wearable System. Scientific Reports, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00458-5
Soangra, R., Lockhart, T. (2021). Smartphone-Based Prediction Model for Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Outcomes Using Preoperative Gait and Posture Measures. Sensors, DOI: 10.3390/s21051704
Chou, E.-F., Khine, M., Lockhart, T. (2021). Soangra, R. Effects of ECG Data Length on Heart Rate Variability among Young Healthy Adults. Sensors, DOI: 10.3390/s21186286
Moon, S.H., Soangra, R., Frames, C., and Lockhart, T. (2021). Three Days Monitoring of Activities of Daily Living Among Young Healthy Adults and Parkinson’s Disease Patients. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, DOI: 10.34107/BiomedSciInstrum.57.04
Moon, S.H., Frames, C., Soangra, R., and Lockhart, T. (2021). Effects of Rucksack Military Accessory on Gait Dynamic Stability. International Journal of Prognostics and Health, DOI: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i4.2778
Hussain, V.S, Frames, C.W., and Lockhart, T.E. (2021). Length of Time-Series Gait Data on Lyapunov Exponent for Fall Risk Detection. International Journal of Prognostics and Health, DOI: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i4.2917
Olson, M., Lockhart, T. (2021). Predicting Fall Risk Through Automatic Wearable Monitoring: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Prognostics and Health, DOI: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i4.2958
Sprowls, M., Serhan, M., Chou, E.F., Lin, L., Frames, C., Kucherenko, I., Mollaeian, K., Li, Y., Jammula, V., Logeswaran, D., Khine, M., Yang, Y., Lockhart, T., Claussen, J., Dong, L., Chen, JL, Ren, J., Gomes, C., Kim, D., Wu, T., Margrett, J., Narasimhan, B., and Forzani, E. (2021). Integrated Sensing System for Monitoring Interrelated Physiological Parameters in Young and Aged Adults: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Prognostics and Health, DOI: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i4.2914
Lockhart, T., Soangra, R., (2021). Special Issue on PHM for Human Health and Performance II. International Journal of Prognostics and Health, DOI: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i4.3089

2020

Zhang, J., Soangra, R., Lockhart, T. (2020). Automatic Detection of Dynamic and Static Activities of the Older Adults Using a Wearable Sensor and Support Vector Machines. Sci, DOI: 10.3390/sci2030062
Zhang, J., Soangra, R., Lockhart, T. (2020). A Comparison of Denoising Methods in Onset Determination in Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Activations during Stance. Sci, DOI: 10.3390/sci2030053
Kim, H. N., Lockhart, T. (2020). Fall Risk in Older Adults Transitioning Between Different Flooring Materials. Sci, DOI: 10.3390/sci2020025
Hussain, V. S., Spano, M. L., Lockhart, T. (2020). Effect of data length on time delay and embedding dimension for calculating the Lyapunov exponent in walking. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0311
Godzik, J., Frames, C. W., Hussain, V. S., Olson, M. C., Kakarla, U. K., Uribe, J. S., Turner, J. D., Lockhart, T., Kakarla U. K. (2020). Postural stability and dynamic balance in adult spinal deformity: prospective pilot study. World Neurosurgery, DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.010

2019

Lockhart, T., Frames, C.W., Soangra, R., and Lieberman A. (2019). Effects of Obesity and Fall Risk on Gait and Posture of Community- Dwelling Older Adults. International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management, PMCID: PMC7111245
Lieberman A, Deep A, Olson M C, Hussain, V.S., Frames, C.W., McCauley M., and Lockhart, T. (2019). Falls When Standing, Falls When Walking: Different Mechanisms, Different Outcomes in Parkinson Disease. Cureus, DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5329
Lieberman, A., Lockhart, T., Olson, T., Smith, V.A., Frames, C.W., Sadreddin, A., McCauley, M., Ludington, E. (2019). Nicotine Bitartrate Reduces Falls and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson Disease: A Reanalysis. Front Neurol., DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00424
Olson M., Lockhart T. E., Lieberman A., (2019). Motor Learning Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Their Effect on Training Response in Gait and Balance: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Neurology, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00062

2018

Liu, J., Lockhart, T., and Kim, S., (2018). Prediction of the Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters using Inertial Sensors. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, DOI: 10.1142/S021951941840002X
Frames, C.W., Soangra, R., Lockhart, T., Lach, J., Ha, D.S., Roberto, K.A., Lieberman, A., (2018). Dynamical Properties of Postural Control in Obese Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Sensors, PMCID: PMC6021983
Soangra, R.; Lockhart, T., (2018). Inertial Sensor-Based Variables Are Indicators of Frailty and Adverse Post-Operative Outcomes in Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Sensors, DOI: 10.3390/s18061792
Rezvanian, S., Lockhart, T., Frames, C., Soangra, R., and Lieberman, A., (2018). Motor Subtypes of Parkinson’s Disease Can Be Identified by Frequency Component of Postural Stability. Sensors, DOI: 10.3390/s18041102

2017

Lockhart, T., Garvey, S., and Kelly, O., (2017). Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Fall Risk as Measured by Dynamic Stability and Mobility-Related Outcomes in Older Adults. Clinical Nutrition, DOI: 10.1016/S0261-5614(17)30788-4
Smith, A. Victoria, Lockhart, E. Thurmon, and Spano, L. Mark., (2017). Basins of attraction in human balance. Eur Phys J Spec Top, DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2016-60345-4
Soangra, R., Moon, S., Rezvanian, S., and Lockhart, T., (2017). Lower extremity muscle fatigue influences nonlinear variability in trunk accelerations. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, PMCID: PMC5886727
Rezvanian, S., Lockhart, T., Frames, C., and Soangra, R., (2017). Towards an objective method to classify tremor dominant and postural instability and gait difficulty subtypes of Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. Bioemedical Sciences Instrumentation, PMCID: PMC5886717
Soangra, R., and Lockhart, T., (2017). Dual-task does not increase slip and fall risk in healthy young and older adults during walking. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, DOI: 10.1155/2017/1014784

2016

Chang W-R, Leclercq S, Lockhart TE, Haslam R (2016). State of science: Occupational slips, trips and falls on the same level. Ergonomics, DOI:10.1080/00140139.2016.1157214
Rezvanian S, Lockhart TE (2016). Towards Real-Time Detection of Freezing of Gait using Wavelet Transform on Wireless Accelerometer Data. Sensors, 16(5): 475. PMID: 27049389
Lieberman A, Deep A, Lockhart TE (2016). Falls in Parkinson Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Parkinsonism. 6:4. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000248
Fino P.C., Mojdehi A.R., Adjerid K., Habibi M., Lockhart T., Ross S.D., (2016). Comparing Postural Stability Entropy Analyses to Differentiate Fallers and Non-fallers, Ann Biomed Eng, DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1479-0

2015

Parijat P, Lockhart TE, Liu J (2015). Effects of perturbation-based slip training using a virtual reality environment on slip-induced falls. Ann Biomed Eng. 2015 Apr;43(4):958-67. doi: 10.1007/s10439-014-1128-z. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
Ghosh AA, Lockhart TE, Liu J (2015). Aging effect on detectability, criticality and urgency under various auditory conditions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 31, 25-35.
Fino PC, Frames CW, Lockhart TE (2015). Classifying step and spin turns using wireless gyroscopes and implications for fall risk assessments. Sensors, 15(5): 10676-85. PMID: 25954950
Fino PC, Lockhart TE, Fino NF (2015). Corner height influences center of mass kinematics and path trajectory during turning. Journal of Biomechanics, 48(1):104-12. PMID: 25468662 PMCID:PMC4274227
Parijat P, Lockhart TE, Liu J (2015). EMG and kinematic responses to unexpected slips after slip training in virtual reality. IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering, 62(2):593-9. PMID: 25296401
Fino PC, Mojdehi AR, Adjerid K, Habibi M, Lockhart TE, Ross SD (2015). Comparing postural stability entropy analyses to differentiate fallers and non-fallers. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1479-0
Lieberman A, Deep A, Lockhart TE (2015). Parkinson Disease, Vestibular Tract, a New Awareness. EC Neurology, 2.5 (2015): 237-238.

2014

Fino P, Lockhart TE (2014). Required coefficient of friction during turning at self-selected slow, normal, and fast walking speeds. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(6): 1395-1400. PMID: 24581815
Zhang J, Lockhart TE, Soangra R (2014). Classifying lower extremity muscle fatigue during walking using machine learning and inertial sensors. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 42(3): 600-612. PMID: 24081829
Liu J, Lockhart TE (2014). Trunk angular kinematics during slip-induced backward falls and activities of daily living. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 136(10), 101005. PMID: 25033029
Liu J, Lockhart TE, Kim S (2014). Reaction moment at the L5/S1 joint during a simulated forward slipping with a handheld load, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics , 20(3): 429-436. PMID: 25189747
Liu P, Lockhart TE (2014). Development and evaluation of a prior-to-impact fall event detection algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 61(7): 2135-2140. PMID: 24718566
Lockhart TE, Frame C, Soangra R, Lach J (2014). Fall risk assessment among community dwelling elderly using wearable wireless sensors, SPIE Defense and Security, 90911J-90911J-7.

2013

Liu J, Lockhart TE (2013). Automatic individual calibration in fall detection: an integrative ambulatory measurement framework. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, DOI: 10.1080/ 10255842. 2011. 627329.
Soangra R, Lockhart TE, Lach J, Abdel-Rahman EM (2013). Effects of hemodialysis therapy on sit-to-walk characteristics in End Stage Renal Disease patients. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 41,4:795-805
Yeoh HT, Lockhart TE, Wu X (2013). Nonfatal occupational falls among U.S. healthcare workers, 2008-2010. Workplace Health & Safety, 61,1: 1-6. PMID: 23281604
Yeoh HT, Lockhart TE, Wu X (2013). Non-Fatal Occupational Falls on the Same Level. Ergonomics, 56,2: 153-165.
Liu J, Lockhart TE (2013). Local dynamic stability changes associated with load carrying. Safety and Health at Work, 4,1: 46-51. PMID: 23515183
Mansfield N, Haslam R, Young M, Hignett S, So R, Lockhart TE, Bao S, Stanton N, Chang W-R (2013). Ergonomic vs. Ergonomics: acknowledging the etymology. Ergonomics, 56(12):1793-4.
Lockhart TE, Stergiou N (2013). New perspectives in human movement variability. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol 41:8, 1593-1594.
Liu J, Lockhart TE (2013). Aging effect on foot dynamics during unexpected slips. Clinical Research on Foot and Ankle, 1: 107.

2012

Parijat P, Lockhart TE (2012). Effects of moveable platform training in preventing slip-induced falls in older adults. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 40(5):1111-21.
Antin JF, Lockhart TE, Stanley LM, Guo F (2012). Comparing the impairment profiles of older drivers and non-drivers: Toward the development of a fitness-to-drive model. Safety Science, 50: 333-341.
Wu X, Lockhart TE, Yeoh HT (2012). Effects of obesity on slip-induced fall risks among young male adults. Journal of Biomechanics, 45;6: 1042-1047.
Liu J, Zhang X, Lockhart TE (2012). Fall risk assessments based on postural and dynamic stability using inertial measurement unit. Safety and Health at Work, 3: 192-198.
Kim S, Lockhart TE (2012). Lower Limb Control and Mobility Following Exercise Training. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 15;9(1).
Haynes CA, Lockhart TE (2012). Evaluation of gait and slip parameters for adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Biomechanics. 45: 2337-2341.
Suwittayaruk P, Goubergen DV, Lockhart TE (2012). A preliminary study on pace rating using video technology. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries. doi: 10.1002/hfm.20510

2011

Park SH, Lee K, Lockhart T, Kim S (2011). Effects of sound on postural stability during standing. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 8:67.

2010

Lockhart TE, Barth AT, Zhang X, Songra R, Abdel-Rahman E, Lach J (2010). Portable, non-invasive fall risk assessment in end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis, ACM Trans Comput Hum Interact. 2010: 84-93.
Kim S, Lockhart TE, Nam CS (2010). Leg strength comparison between younger and middle-age adults. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40: 315-320.
Kim S, Lockhart TE (2010). Effects of 8 weeks of balance or weight training for the independently living elderly on the outcomes of induced slips. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 33(1): 49-55.
Lockhart TE, Shi W (2010). Effects of Age on Dynamic Accommodation. Ergonomics, 53:7, 892-903.

2009

Lockhart TE, Kim S, Kapur R, Jarrott S (2009). Evaluation of gait characteristics and ground reaction forces of cognitively declined older adults with emphasis on slip-induced fall accidents. Assistive Technology, 21(4):188-195.
Liu J, Lockhart TE (2009). Age-related joint moment characteristics during normal gait and successful reactive recovery from unexpected slip perturbations. Gait and Posture, 30, 276-281.
Kim S, Lockhart TE, Roberto K (2009). The effects of 8-week balance training or weight training for the elderly on fear of falling measures and social activity levels. Quality in Ageing, 10(4), 37-48.
Lee M, Roan M, Smith B, Lockhart TE (2009). Gait analysis to classify external load conditions using linear discriminant analysis. Human Movement Science, 28, 226-235.

2008

Quek F, Ehrich R, Lockhart TE (2008). As go the feet: On the estimation of attentional focus from stance. ACM Trans Comput Hum Interact. 2008: 97-104.
Shi W, Lockhart TE, Arbab M (2008). Tinted windshield and its effects on aging drivers’ visual acuity and glare response. Safety Science, 46, 1223-1233.
Liu J, Lockhart TE, Jones M, Martin T (2008). Local dynamic stability assessment of motion impaired elderly using electronic textile pants. IEEE Transactions in Automation Science and Engineering, 5:4, 696-702.
Parijat P, Lockhart TE (2008). Effects of quadriceps fatigue on the biomechanics of gait and slip propensity. Gait and Posture, 28, 568-573.
Kim S, Lockhart TE (2008).The effects of 10% front load carriage on the likelihood of slips and falls. Industrial Health, 46, 32-39.
Parijat P, Lockhart TE (2008). Effects of lower extremity muscle fatigue on the outcomes of slip-induced falls. Ergonomics, 51:12, 1873-1884.
Lockhart TE, Liu J (2008). Differentiating fall-prone and healthy adults using local dynamic stability. Ergonomics, 51:12, 1860-1872.
Lockhart TE (2008). An integrated approach towards identifying age-related mechanisms of slip initiated falls. J. Electromyography & Kinesiology, 18, 205-217.
Granata KP, Lockhart TE (2008). Dynamic stability differences in fall-prone and healthy adults. J. Electromyography & Kinesiology, 18, 172-178.

2007

Lockhart TE, Spaulding JM, Park SH (2007). Age-related slip avoidance strategy while walking over a known slippery floor surface. Gait & Posture, 26:1, 142-149.

2006

Lockhart TE, Atsumi B, Ghosh A, Mekaroonreung H, Spaulding JM (2006). Effects of planar and non-planar driver-side mirrors on age-related discomfort-glare responses. Safety Science, 44, 187 – 195.
Liu J, Lockhart TE (2006). Comparison of 3D joint moments using local and global inverse dynamics approaches among three different age groups. Gait and Posture, 23:4, 480-485.
Yoon H-Y, Lockhart TE (2006). Nonfatal occupational injuries associated with slips and falls in the US. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 36, 83-92.
Lockhart TE, Kim S (2006). Relationship between hamstring activation rate and heel contact velocity: Factors influencing age-related slip-induced falls. Gait and Posture, 24:1, 23-34.
Lockhart TE (2006). Biodynamics: Why the Wirewalker Doesn’t Fall by Bruce J. West and Lori A. Griffin (Review). American Journal of Human Biology, 18, 1, 155-156.
Kim S, Yoon H-Y, Lockhart TE (2006). Comparison of spatio-temporal characteristics between young and old adults while walking: Factors influencing the likelihood of slip-initiation. Journal of Ergonomics Society of Korea, 25:1, 43-49.
Lockhart TE, Liu J (2006). Effects of aging on lower extremity joint torque and muscle activation patterns during slip-induced falls. Journal of Biomechanics, 39, S1 87.

2005

Lockhart TE, Smith JL, Woldstad JC (2005). Effects of aging on the biomechanics of slips and falls. Human Factors, 47:4, 708-729.
Kim S, Lockhart TE, Yoon H-Y (2005). Relationship between age-related gait adaptations and required coefficient of friction. Safety Science, 43, 425-436.
Lockhart TE, Grönqvist R, Chang, WR (2005). A Special Issue on Slip, Trips, and Falls. Safety Science, 43, 355-357

2004

Edmison J, Jones M, Lockhart TE, Martin T (2004). An e-textile system for motion analysis. Stud Health Technology Informatics. 108:292-301.
James CR, Sizer PS, Starch DW, Lockhart TE, Slauterbeck J (2004). Gender differences among sagittal plane knee kinematic and ground reaction force characteristics during a rapid sprint and cut maneuver. Research Quarterly Exercise Sport, 75:1, 31-38.

2003

Lockhart TE, Woldstad JC, Smith JL (2003). Effects of age-related gait changes on biomechanics of slips and falls. Ergonomics, 46:12 1136-1160.

2002

Lockhart TE, Woldstad JC, Smith JL, Ramsey JD (2002). Effects of age related sensory degradation on perception of floor slipperiness and associated slip parameters, Safety Science, 40, 689-703.
Lockhart TE (2002). Relationship between postural control and slip response among different age groups. Gait & Posture, 16, S1 25-26.
Lockhart TE, Woldstad JC, Smith JL (2002). Assessment of slip severity among different age groups. Metrology of Pedestrian Locomotion and Slip Resistance. American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM STP, 1424, 17-32.

2001

Grönqvist R, Abeysekera J, Gard G, Hsiang SM, Leamon TB, Newman DJ, Gielo-Perczak K, Lockhart TE, Pai CY-C (2001). Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement. Ergonomics, 44:13 1167-1199.

2000

Bunterngchit Y, Lockhart TE, Woldstad JC, Smith JL (2000). Age related effects of transitional floor surfaces and obstruction of view on gait characteristics related to slips and falls. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 25, 223-232.